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Luminosity (scattering theory)

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In scattering theory and accelerator physics, luminosity (L) is the ratio of the number of events detected (dN) in a certain period of time (dt) to the cross-section (σ):[1]

It has the dimensions of events per time per area, and is usually expressed in the cgs units of cm−2·s−1 or the non-SI units of b−1·s−1. In practice, L is dependent on the particle beam parameters, such as beam width and particle flow rate, as well as the target properties, such as target size and density.[1]

A related quantity is integrated luminosity (Lint), which is the integral of the luminosity with respect to time:[1]

The luminosity and integrated luminosity are useful values to characterize the performance of a particle accelerator. In particular, all collider experiments aim to maximize their integrated luminosities, as the higher the integrated luminosity, the more data is available to analyze.[1]

Examples of collider luminosity

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Here are a few examples of the luminosity of certain accelerators.[1]

Collider Interaction L (cm−2·s−1)
SPS p + p 6.0×1030
Tevatron[2] p + p 4.0×1032
HERA p + e+ 4.0×1031
LEP e + e+ 1.0×1032
PEP e + e+ 3.0×1033
KEKB[3] e + e+ 2.1×1034
SuperKEKB[4] e + e+ 2.4×1034
LHC[5] p + p 2.1×1034
LHC[6] p + Pb 8.5×1029
LHC[6] Pb + Pb 6.1×1027
HL-LHC[7] p + p 5.0×1034

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e Herr, W.; Muratori, B. (2006). "Concept of luminosity" (PDF). In Brandt, D. (ed.). CERN Accelerator School: Intermediate Course on Accelerator Physics, Zeuthen, Germany, 15-26 Sep 2003. CERN. pp. 361–378. doi:10.5170/CERN-2006-002. ISBN 978-92-9083-267-6.
  2. ^ Tevatron sets new initial luminosity records, Fermilab Today news archive
  3. ^ Tetsuo Abe et al.: Achievements of KEKB. In: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 03A001, 2013, pp. 1–18, doi:10.1093/ptep/pts102.
  4. ^ "SuperKEKB collider achieves the world's highest luminosity". 26 June 2020.
  5. ^ LHC Report: The LHC is full!
  6. ^ a b Heavy-Ion Operation of HL-LHC!
  7. ^ "Vol. 10 (2020): High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC): Technical design report". e-publishing.cern.ch. Retrieved 2022-11-30.